Gut Microbiome

CONCERN

The gut microbiome refers to the diverse community of trillions of microorganisms, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes, that live in the digestive tract. Far from being passive inhabitants, these microbes play an essential role in digestion, immune regulation, nutrient absorption, and even brain function. A balanced and diverse microbiome is a cornerstone of long-term health and resilience. 

As we age, the composition of the gut microbiome naturally shifts. Beneficial bacteria may decline, while potentially harmful strains can become more prominent. This change in microbial balance has been associated with weakened gut barrier integrity, a condition sometimes described as “leaky gut,” which may allow unwanted particles like bacterial toxins (such as lipopolysaccharides) to enter the bloodstream and trigger low-grade inflammation. 

This gut-derived inflammation is now recognised as a potential contributor to a process called inflammaging, a chronic, low-level immune activation linked to biological ageing and the development of conditions such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. A less diverse microbiome has also been associated with reduced immune tolerance, slower recovery, and increased sensitivity to stress. 

Diet and lifestyle play a significant role in shaping the gut microbiome. Diets low in fibre and high in ultra-processed foods are known to reduce microbial diversity, while diets rich in plant-based fibres, prebiotics, and polyphenols promote the growth of beneficial species. Fermented foods like kefir, sauerkraut, and yoghurt can also help replenish microbial diversity. Sleep quality, physical activity, and stress management further influence microbiome balance and gut barrier function. 

Emerging research continues to explore the gut-brain axis, revealing how microbial imbalances may influence mood, cognition, and emotional resilience. The microbiome also interacts closely with the immune system, modulating inflammatory pathways and influencing how the body responds to infections, allergens, and even injury recovery. 

Personalised gut microbiome testing can provide deeper insight into your unique microbial profile, highlighting areas where targeted support may be beneficial. Through in-depth analysis, it is possible to identify key markers such as microbial diversity, levels of probiotic and potentially harmful species, and signs of imbalance or dysbiosis. These insights can guide tailored dietary and lifestyle interventions to support gut health, immune function, and overall wellbeing. 

Taking a proactive approach to microbiome support can be a valuable part of long-term health optimisation. Alongside a diverse, plant-rich diet and healthy lifestyle practices, strategies such as probiotic supplementation, fermented foods, and targeted gut support may help restore microbial balance and promote resilience from within. 

Sources:

Gosh T, et al. The gut microbiome as a modulator of healthy ageing. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Sep;19(9):565-584. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35468952/  

O’Toole PW, Jeffery IB. Microbiome-health interactions in older people. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2018;75(1):119–128. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28986601/  

Belkaid Y, Hand TW. Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. 
Cell. 2014;157(1):121–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011  

Cryan JF, et al. The microbiota-gut-brain axis. Physiological Reviews. 2019;99(4):1877–2013. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 

Firth J, Gangwisch JE, Borsini A, Wootton RE, Mayer EA. Food and mood: how diet affects mental wellbeing. BMJ. 2020;369:m2382. Available at: https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2382 

Disclaimer: 
This content is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Individual results may vary. Please consult a qualified professional before making healthcare or treatment decisions.